Sabtu, 20 April 2013

Direct and indirect


Direct and Indirect Speech, we are also familiar with another term that is Reported Speech.
 Direct Speect is the sentence pronounced by the speaker directly and if the sentence is written will be quoted.
Indirect Speech is a phrase that we report to others indirectly and without any commas.
EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
1.       D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “
          I  : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football
2.       D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus
          I  : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning
3.       D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “
          I  : Rikza says that she has seen that movies
4.       D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “
          I  : Mother asked her not to go there alone
5.       D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “
          I  : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

RULES

TIME, LOCATION
 'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.'      =>    Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother the next day.
 Mark:  'I went to London last week.'    =>    He added (that) he had gone to London the week before.
 Sue:   'I must leave now!'    =>    She told me (that) she had to leave then.
 Peter: 'I don't like this house.'   =>    Peter said (that) he didn't like that house.   
 Peter: 'I can't live here.'   =>   Peter told us (that) he couldn't live there.

   DIRECT
           INDIRECT
         now   
   Then
Tonight
  that night
 yesterday   
the day before / the previous day
      tomorrow   
the next day / the following day
 last (year, month...) 
the last / previous (year, month...)
next (month, week...) 
the next / following (month, week...) 


This         =>
That
Here        =>
There
There      =>
There
That        =>
That
These     =>
These
Those     =>
those






                   TENSES
 Bob said, 'I'm going to see my mother.'        =>      Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother.
                        DIRECT
=>
                     INDIRECT
Future
'I will always love you.'
=>
Conditional
He said he would always love me.
present simple
.'He is ill.'
=>
past simple
She said he was ill.
present continuous
 'I'm leaving today.'
=>
past continuous
He said he was leaving that day.
present perfect
 'You have bought a dress.'
=>
past perfect
He said she had bought a dress.
present perf. cont.
 'I've been working all day.'
=>
past perf. cont.
He said he had been working all day.
past simple
 'I went to London.'
=>
past perfect
He said he had gone to London.
past continuous
 'My friends were playing chess.'
=>
past perfect cont.
He said his friends had been playing chess.
past perfect
 'I had lost my bag'
.
.
  pas de changement






























































MODALS
 can    
=>
 could   
  'She can cook delicious meals.'      
He said she could cook delicious meals.
 May
=>
 might
  'It may not rain this night.'
He said it might not rain that night.
 Must
=>
 had to
  'I must leave now.'
She said she had to leave then.



Referensi:http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-66744.php