Direct and indirect

Direct and Indirect Speech, we are also familiar with another term that is Reported Speech.

 Direct Speect is the sentence pronounced by the speaker directly and if the sentence is written will be quoted.

Indirect Speech is a phrase that we report to others indirectly and without any commas.

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1.       D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “

          I  : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football

2.       D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus

          I  : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning

3.       D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “

          I  : Rikza says that she has seen that movies

4.       D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “

          I  : Mother asked her not to go there alone

5.       D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “

          I  : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

RULES

TIME, LOCATION

'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.'      =>    Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother the next day.

Mark:  'I went to London last week.'    =>    He added (that) he had gone to London the week before.

Sue:   'I must leave now!'    =>    She told me (that) she had to leave then.

Peter: 'I don't like this house.'   =>    Peter said (that) he didn't like that house.

Peter: 'I can't live here.'   =>   Peter told us (that) he couldn't live there.

DIRECT	INDIRECT
now	Then
Tonight	that night
yesterday	the day before / the previous day
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
last (year, month...)	the last / previous (year, month...)
next (month, week...)	the next / following (month, week...)

This         =>	That
Here        =>	There
There      =>	There
That        =>	That
These     =>	These
Those     =>	those

TENSES
Bob said, 'I'm going to see my mother.'        =>      Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother.
DIRECT		=>	INDIRECT
Future	'I will always love you.'	=>	Conditional	He said he would always love me.
present simple	.'He is ill.'	=>	past simple	She said he was ill.
present continuous	'I'm leaving today.'	=>	past continuous	He said he was leaving that day.
present perfect	'You have bought a dress.'	=>	past perfect	He said she had bought a dress.
present perf. cont.	'I've been working all day.'	=>	past perf. cont.	He said he had been working all day.
past simple	'I went to London.'	=>	past perfect	He said he had gone to London.
past continuous	'My friends were playing chess.'	=>	past perfect cont.	He said his friends had been playing chess.
past perfect	'I had lost my bag'	.	.	pas de changement

MODALS
can	=>	could	'She can cook delicious meals.'	He said she could cook delicious meals.
May	=>	might	'It may not rain this night.'	He said it might not rain that night.
Must	=>	had to	'I must leave now.'	She said she had to leave then.

Referensi:http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-66744.php