Direct and indirect

Direct and Indirect Speech, we are also familiar with another term that is Reported Speech.

 Direct Speect is the sentence pronounced by the speaker directly and if the sentence is written will be quoted.

Indirect Speech is a phrase that we report to others indirectly and without any commas.

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1.       D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “

          I  : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football

2.       D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus

          I  : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning

3.       D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “

          I  : Rikza says that she has seen that movies

4.       D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “

          I  : Mother asked her not to go there alone

5.       D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “

          I  : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

RULES

TIME, LOCATION

'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.'      =>    Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother the next day.

Mark:  'I went to London last week.'    =>    He added (that) he had gone to London the week before.

Sue:   'I must leave now!'    =>    She told me (that) she had to leave then.

Peter: 'I don't like this house.'   =>    Peter said (that) he didn't like that house.

Peter: 'I can't live here.'   =>   Peter told us (that) he couldn't live there.

DIRECT	INDIRECT
now	Then
Tonight	that night
yesterday	the day before / the previous day
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
last (year, month...)	the last / previous (year, month...)
next (month, week...)	the next / following (month, week...)

This         =>	That
Here        =>	There
There      =>	There
That        =>	That
These     =>	These
Those     =>	those

TENSES
Bob said, 'I'm going to see my mother.'        =>      Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother.
DIRECT		=>	INDIRECT
Future	'I will always love you.'	=>	Conditional	He said he would always love me.
present simple	.'He is ill.'	=>	past simple	She said he was ill.
present continuous	'I'm leaving today.'	=>	past continuous	He said he was leaving that day.
present perfect	'You have bought a dress.'	=>	past perfect	He said she had bought a dress.
present perf. cont.	'I've been working all day.'	=>	past perf. cont.	He said he had been working all day.
past simple	'I went to London.'	=>	past perfect	He said he had gone to London.
past continuous	'My friends were playing chess.'	=>	past perfect cont.	He said his friends had been playing chess.
past perfect	'I had lost my bag'	.	.	pas de changement

MODALS
can	=>	could	'She can cook delicious meals.'	He said she could cook delicious meals.
May	=>	might	'It may not rain this night.'	He said it might not rain that night.
Must	=>	had to	'I must leave now.'	She said she had to leave then.

Referensi:http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-66744.php

 

Anggun cipta sasmi-snow on the sahara

lagu yang membawa nama anggun go international ini benar-benar mempunyai arti yang dalam nggak tau kenapa meskipun sudah di putar berulang kali setiap kali dengerin lagu ini selalu membuat saya ikut untuk bernyanyi,seolah-olah saya yang sedang mengalaminya.langsung aja deh ne lirik lagunya.

Anggun cipta sasmi -snow on the sahara

Only tell me that you still want me here  
When you wander off out there  
To those hills of dust and hard winds that blow
 In that dry white ocean alone Lost out in the desert
 you are lost out in the desert
 But to stand with you in a ring of fire  
I'll forget the days gone by  
I'll protect your body and guard your soul  
From mirages in your sight Lost out in the desert 

If your hopes scatter like the dust across your track 
 I'll be the moon that shines on your path 
 The sun may blind our eyes, I'll pray the skies above
 for snow to fall on the Sahara 
 If that's the only place where you can leave your doubts
 I'll hold you up and be your way out 
 And if we burn away,  
I'll pray the skies above for snow to fall on the Sahara

Just a wish and I will cover your shoulders
 With veils of silk and gold 
 When the shadows come and darken your heart
 Leaving you with regrets so cold Lost out in the desert

If your hopes scatter like the dust across your track 
 I'll be the moon that shines on your path 
 The sun may blind our eyes, I'll pray the skies above
 for snow to fall on the Sahara  
If that's the only place where you can leave your doubts 
 I'll hold you up and be your way out
 And if we burn away, I
'll pray the skies above for snow to fall on the Sahara 

phrase,clause.sentence

Phrase

Is a group of words that already has a meaning, but it does not have a subject and a predicate and is part of a sentence.

Example

-the boy at the door is my brother

-the pen on the table is mine

Clause

Is a group of words that already have a subject and a predicate

part of the clause

·         Main clause

Main clause (induk kalimat) is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate that have a clear meaning.

Example :    -we study English

·         Subordinate clause

Subordinate clause (anak kalimat) is a group of words containing a subject and predicate but do not have a clear meaning.

Example : I will run if you run

Sentence

Sentence is a group of words expressing pemikiranyang clear and meanings can be understood

Example : I sleep at nine o'clock every day

Part of speech

Part of speech is the word that has a function in a sentence. part of speech is very important to master for someone who wants proficient in English language. part of speech is divided into 8 parts, each part has a function that berbeda.di here I will only discuss the parts in general.

1.NOUN  (kata benda)

The noun is used to name objects, people, animals and plants.

example: PARIS IS A BEAUTIFUL CITY

Nouns are divided into two kinds:

·         singular noun (kata bendatunggal) is a noun that shows number only one.

 example: THAT IS A GOAT

·         plular noun(Kata benda  jamak )is a noun that shows there are more than one.

example: THAT IS A GOATS

2.ADJECTIVE (kata sifat)

Given word to qualify the noun or pronoun.

example : DION IS A BRAVE BOY

3.PRONOUN (kata ganti)

The word is used instead of a noun.

example: I HAVE LET HIM GO

4.VERB (kata kerja)

The word that describes the subject of an activity.

 example :I WAS READING A NEWS PAPER

5.ADVERB ( kata keterangan )

The word used to describe a part of the part of speech except nouns and pronouns.

example:THIS PLACE IS VERY BEAUTIFUL

6.PREPOSITION (kata depan)

The word used on nouns and pronouns to show an association with other words in a sentence.

 example:OUT OF MY DREAM S AND INTO MY LIFE

7.CONJUNCTON (kata sambung)

The word that is used to connect between words or sentences.

example:YOUAND ME TOGETHER

8.INTERJECTION (kata seru)

The word used to indicate strong feelings or emotions.

example :THANK GOD FOR TEACHING ME HOW TO BELIEVE

SUMBER : http://panduan-belajar-bahasa-inggris.blogspot.com/2012/10/parts-of-speech.html